Openended questions were framed to get more qualitative. Monopolistic ownership of the media, like state control, can pose a significant threat to media diversity and pluralism, and therefore to freedom of expression. Odipodev the politics of media ownership in kenya the. Media organizations have largely opposed the rule since its inception, and their. The crossownership ban does not prevent a newspaper from owning a broadcast station. It examines the media through the lens of the public policy debates about limits on the number and type of media outlets that a single firm can own.
Cross media ownership and concentration in indian media. Cross media ownership disadvantages media power the issue was again raised in parliament in 2008 when a lords select committee investigates these concerns. Dear kenyans, this is just a reminder that a majority of the mainstream media you consume is either owned by or has owners closely affiliated to politicians. Stations in crossownership situations were more than twice as likely to. It is a business strategy driven by advances in technology and also a public policy. The study went into the state and extent of cross media holdings in the industry, the international experience in this matter, the need for caps on vertical holdings, and for transparency and public disclosure of ownership and holding patterns in the media sector. The absence of restrictions on crossmedia ownership implies that particular companies or groups or conglomerates dominate markets both vertically that is, across different media such as print, radio, television and the internet as well as horizontally namely, in particular geographical regions. Download this book full text as an adobe acrobat pdf document.
Media ownership preface the issues of media ownership concentration and the formulation and implementation of an effective media legislation received considerable attention in recent years. As part of the vote, the agency also increased the number of. A content analysis of the news international, daily jang, the nation and daily nawaiwaqt bs thesis. Pdf media diversity is an essential policy goal in achieving democracy. Crossownership of media occurs when a person or company owns outlets in more than one. Cross media ownership is the title ascribed to individuals and groups who hold and exercise control over multiple media outlets and over the last few decades it has been a huge concern that has regularly been debated, especially in the west. Crossmedia ownership as the government considers changes to the rules of media ownership, gideon spanier explains what the effects of the. Ownership patterns of mass media india follows socialism and has mixed economy.
Compliance with the revised rule is required, as discussed below. Dr n bhaskara rao, founder chairman, cms delivered the keynote address, reminiscing about. Media ownership elizabeth hart in 2006, the bulletin magazine named murdoch the most in. The law is challenged to strike a balance between all three dimensions. Coalition releases plan to end crossmedia ownership laws. Media ownership and democracy in the digital information age. Vasanti, director of new delhibased multidisciplinary research organization, centre for media studies. Ownership patterns of mass media linkedin slideshare.
When control rests with a few who have their own vested interests, the public ends up at the mercy of. It is indeed time to debate regulatory issues for crossmedia ownership and, in the absence of an independent media regulator, the trai discussions have longterm implications for the critical and booming indian media industry, says p. The effects of crossmedia ownership upon prices charged for media products have not been conclusively determined by empirical economic analysis. The uk media regulator, ofcom, has called for comments on how media plurality should be measured. Cross media ownership advantages 3 wider distribution the markets into which the media text can be distributed are increased bigger audience bigger profit 4 business security the diversity of the products on offer increases the security of the business one market fails, can focus on another think sony. The current debate over media ownership limits this book presents a critical view of the current state of commercial mass media in america. Coalition releases plan to end crossmedia ownership laws this article is more than 4 years old bill to go to parliament on wednesday scrapping rules about owning more than two forms of. The institution submitted an overview of cross media ownership in 2009.
They concluded that it is possible for one voice to become too powerful and that any future mergers need to be carefully scrutinised by. Impact of cross media ownership on minoritywomen owned broadcast stations biakelsey 1 the impact of cross media ownership on minoritywomen owned broadcast stations introduction todays media marketplace is noticeably different than it was forty years ago. Research media concentration and public concern in australia. Therefore, public as well as private sector both plays an important role in the growth of nation. Fcc hears pros, cons on its latest attempt to allow media. The fccs rules and policies regarding media ownership. Report to the secretary of state on the operation of the. Fcc hears pros, cons on its latest attempt to allow media crossownership organization hopes to get around 2011 court decision upholding limits on the crossownership of. The herfindahlhirschman index hhi is a commonly accepted measure used to measure market concentration.
The nuuo partners initially connected through sembos work as a media artist, though he also freelanced in advertising. Individual ownership pattern in this kind of partnership, the individual has control, which allows him to take decisions for the company. The fcc revised the newspaperbroadcast crossownership rule and retained the other media ownership rules currently in effect. Consumers have access to many different sources of information and entertainment. Private ownership of the media helps to assure that media will not be used for propaganda by the government, though it is not a. It is only a matter of time before nearly all barriers to crossownership in the media industry are lifted. Cross media ownership a threat to vibrant democracy. Media crossownership is a situation in which a single corporate entity owns multiple types of media companies.
So for example since karang magazine are part of bauer media, they could use the karang tv channel to advertise the magazine and vies versa. Within the media watch program, we drew attention to the threat these issues pose to media pluralism in. While this number is small, the six stations represent almost a quarter of the 26 stations across the country where a crossownership exists. Advantages and disadvantages of cross media ownership. Crossownership 1079 crossownership marc edge sam houston state university crossownership of media occurs when a person or company owns outlets in more than one medium i. Crossownership of media occurs when a person or company owns outlets in more than one medium i. The ofcom consultation document invites views on the metrics most suitable, on the advisability of fixed limits on shares of the news market, on what circumstances outside a transaction could justify.
Some media companies are characterised by horizontal integration or cross media ownership this refers to the fact that global media corporations often cross media boundaries and invest in a wide range of media products. Area wise also, the respondents came from all across the country like manipur, delhi, kashmir and south india thus giving the survey a holistic, panindian appeal. Ownership and control of the mass media is a complex business as the following examples illustrate. It began to limit crossownership of radio and television stations in 1970, and crossownership of newspapers and television stations in 1975. This study deals with how the press covered the issue of media crossownership. Seminar report 15 february 2017, csds plenary session the morning began with a short welcome address by prof sanjay kumar, director csds, who set the context and intent of the seminar. This chapter describes media ownership and concentration in the united kingdom. Advantages and disadvantages of cross media ownership ao4. Competition regulation is an important part of restricting monopolies as is the professionalism and independence of journalism. The productivity commissions draft report into broadcasting laws canvasses a number of issues concerning the reform of australias crossmedia ownership.
Federal communications commission, further notice of proposed rule making 2006. The types of media companies owned may include print, radio, television, movie and internet media sites. Ownership and control of the media sociology revision. The elimination of the fccs newspaperbroadcast crossownership rule would reduce an important set of voices in the media marketplace. Likely in the case of media, public authorities as well as private individuals both own the media in.
Heavy cross ownership is referred to as circular ownership. In the us, cross ownership also refers to a type of investment in different mass. It is best suited for smallscale media houses, be it newspaper or news channel. A comparative study between australia and italy larissa di mauro and grace li regulating media ownership is not a simple task. The trend in the 1990s has been to merge media companies, and thus, while audiences see and hear a variety of new channels. Cross ownership is a method of reinforcing business relationships by owning stock in the companies with which a given company does business. The hhi is calculated using the sum of the squares of the individual. The matters relevant to determining whether the crossholding would operate against the public interest are as outlined in paragraph 1. Media ownership and concentration in the united kingdom.
Furthermore, under article of this act, a transfer of concession to a third party is an o. Media ownership and its impact on media independence and. Advantages a major advantage of cross media ownership is synergy. After summarizing the british media landscape, the chapter focuses on print media newspapers, book publishing, magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless telecom, and internet media internet service. These are the advantages and disadvantages of cross media ownership. Therefore, he takes responsibility for all the policy making decisions and is also accountable for them.